Micelles refer to molecularly ordered aggregates that begin to form in large quantities after the surfactant concentration reaches a certain value in an aqueous solution. In micelles, the hydrophobic groups of surfactant molecules aggregate to form the core of the micelle, and the hydrophilic polar groups form the outer layer of the micelle. Liposomes are an artificial membrane. In the water, the hydrophilic head of the phospholipid molecule is inserted into the water, and the hydrophobic tail o...

With the continuous development of nanotechnology, gold nanoparticles are widely used in the field of medicine. Gold nanoparticles not only have good controllability, biocompatibility, and biosorption, but also have a high degree of stability, and can achieve specific biometrics and functions through surface modification. Therefore, it has become an important nanomaterial in biomedicine. The Role of Gold Nanoparticles Gold nanoparticles alias AuNPs and nano gold, their diameters are 1~100 ...

Introduction to 3D Printing In the 1980s, American engineer Charles Hull developed rapid prototyping technology by combining points and surfaces and then using light reinforcement. After numerous failures, he finally invented stereolithography technology. Based on this technology, the world’s The first 3D printer came into being. By the end of the 1990s, researchers combined 3D printing technology with the field of medical care to create substitutes for human organs for adjuvant treatment, wh...

Colloidal gold is a certain-size gold particle synthesized by gold ion reduction and polymerization of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) under the action of reducing agents such as white phosphorus, ascorbic acid, sodium citrate, tannic acid, and so on. Due to electrostatic action, gold particles repel each other and suspend into a stable colloidal state, forming a negatively charged hydrophobic colloid solution, so it is called colloidal gold. Colloidal gold has high electron density and can conjugated...

Extracellular vesicles are a series of membrane-structured vesicles released by cells, including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Extracellular vesicles are composed of various lipids and membrane proteins, some of which special membrane proteins help target specific tissues and cells, while others ensure that non-specific interactions are minimized, these physiological properties endow Thanks to their excellent biocompatibility and ability to target lesions, extracellular vesicles...

Gold is a chemically stable metal with a molar mass of 196.96657 g/m and a density of 19.3 g/cm3. It is often used for decoration and money, but its properties change strangely when its size shrinks to the nanometer level. Gold nanoparticles have special physical and chemical properties different from bulk gold because of their small size effect, surface effect, quantum size effect, and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect. Gold nanoparticles have the characteristics of high electron density,...