About Me
Measuring the size distribution and concentration of exosomes is crucial for understanding their cellular functions and uptake. Recently, Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing (TRPS) technology has become increasingly popular for characterizing exosome samples. TRPS as a powerful nanoparticle characterization system enables high-throughput, single-particle measurements by driving colloids and/or biomolecular analytes through a size-tunable nanopore, one particle at a time.
This technique is based on the principle of resistive pulse-sensing, which monitors current flow through an aperture. The tunable nanopore technology allows the regulation of ionic current and particle passage by adjusting the pore size. As each particle passes through the pore, it causes a transient change in the ionic current flow, known as a blockade event, with the amplitude of this event being termed the blockade magnitude. The blockade magnitude is proportional to the particle size, allowing accurate particle sizing after calibration with a known standard.
Be the first person to like this.
Full Name:
Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2)
Function:
ACE2 is an essential counter-regulatory carboxypeptidase within the renin-angiotensin hormone system, playing a crucial role in regulating blood volume, systemic vascular resistance, and cardiovascular homeostasis. It catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin 1-9, a nine-amino acid peptide with anti-hypertrophic effects on cardiomyocytes, and angiotensin II into angiotensin 1-7, which acts as a vasodilator and anti-proliferative agent, counteracting the effects of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Additionally, ACE2 removes the C-terminal residue from other vasoactive peptides, including neurotensin, kinetensin, and des-Arg bradykinin, but is inactive on bradykinin. It also efficiently cleaves other biological peptides, such as apelins (apelin-13, [Pyr1]apelin-13, apelin-17, apelin-36), casomorphins (beta-casomorphin-7, neocasomorphin), and dynorphin A.
The C-terminus of ACE2 shares homology with collectrin and is involved in trafficking the neutral amino acid transporter SL6A19 to the plasma membrane of gut epithelial cells, regulating its surface expression and catalytic activity.
Check our ACE2 antibody flow cytometry
Be the first person to like this.
Services at Single Cell
Utilizing our advanced spatial scRNA-seq platform, Single Cell offers a comprehensive suite of scRNA-seq sequencing and analysis services to characterize spatial gene expression changes across various tissues and cells. These services enable us to identify potential genes involved in viral entry and determine which cell types might be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, we integrate spatial information with differential expression detection to identify linear or periodic expression patterns, capturing multiple dimensions of infection and immune response. This includes cellular phenotypes, adaptive immune repertoires, antigen specificity, and the spatial resolution of immune tissue infiltration, providing insight into the fundamental molecular and cellular bases of complex pathophysiological signatures.
For SARS-CoV-2 research, we have applied single-cell transcriptome analyses to study the spatial expression patterns of ACE2 in various tissues and cell types from COVID-19+ patients. This approach has provided a clear understanding of the virus's entry mechanism. By combining scRNA-seq with single-molecule fluorescence in-situ hybridization (smFISH), we can observe global gene expression patterns in three dimensions. Our findings indicate that the virus's transmissivity depends on the accessibility of the ACE2 receptor, which varies based on its spatial distribution along the respiratory tract.
Be the first person to like this.
With extensive experience and a team of PEGylation technical specialists, Creative Biolabs offers top-quality carbohydrate PEGylation services. We are skilled in utilizing a variety of advanced technologies to address diverse challenges. Whatever your research requirements, we are confident in developing a suitable plan for you.
Introduction to PEGylation
PEGylation offers the advantage of retaining and enhancing the desirable properties of protein therapeutics without compromising their function. The chemical, molecular, and structural properties of polyethylene glycol (PEG), along with their conformational behavior in aqueous solutions, influence the pharmacological disposition of PEGs and PEGylated products in physiological compartments. PEG molecules can vary in size and shape, providing options to modulate pharmacological outcomes for different drug therapies. PEGylating glycan structures attached to proteins allows for targeted modification at glycosylated sites, providing the benefits of PEGylation without the loss of activity that can occur with random multistep PEGylation processes.
Be the first person to like this.
The transcriptome comprises the entire set of RNA transcripts present in a cell at a specific developmental stage or under particular physiological conditions. RNA, a polymeric molecule, plays crucial roles in various biological processes, including gene coding, decoding, regulation, and expression. RNA molecules encompass messenger RNA (mRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA), microRNA (miRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
Transcriptome Sequencing for Oncology
RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is a vital tool for interpreting the functional elements of the genome and understanding the mechanisms underlying various diseases, particularly cancers. While microarray-based approaches have been used for large-scale, high-throughput RNA studies, such as identifying differentially expressed genes, they are limited by their hybridization-based nature. The advent of massively parallel DNA sequencing technologies has enabled RNA-seq by sequencing complementary DNA (cDNA). This method offers superior resolution and higher reproducibility compared to traditional microarray technologies. RNA-seq allows for a deeper understanding of alternative splicing events, novel genes and transcripts, and fusion transcripts. It also aids in elucidating molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that control embryonic development. Transcriptome data provide a valuable starting point for researchers investigating the functions of newly discovered genes.
Be the first person to like this.
With our wealth of knowledge, we are able to provide a wide range of exosome services, such as characterization, purification, and isolation. We give the exact size distribution and concentration measurement of exosomes based on the extremely sensitive tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) technology in order to better understand the properties of exosomes and aid the later therapeutic and diagnostic use.
Measuring the size distribution and concentration of exosomes is crucial when examining their cellular absorption and activity. Recently, the characterisation of exosome samples has made greater use of the TRPS technique, which is often used for particle size distribution and exosome concentration measurement. With the ability to perform high-throughput single particle measurements of colloids and/or biomolecular analytes driven through a size-tunable nanopore one at a time, TRPS is the most potent nanoparticle characterization technology currently on the market.
The method uses adjustable nanopore technology—which allows the passage of ionic current and particles to be managed by modifying the pore size—in conjunction with resistive pulse-sensing, which detects current flow via an aperture. A brief alteration in the ionic current flow, referred to as a blockade event, is observed when particles pass through a pore one at a time. The blockade magnitude is the amplitude of this change. After calibrating with a known standard, precise particle sizing can be obtained because blockade magnitude is proportionate to particle size.
Be the first person to like this.
The initial antibody produced after being exposed to an antigen is called IgM. The classical complement pathway can be highly effectively activated by IgM pentamers with ten binding sites. In the spleen, B-1 cells produce anti-PEG IgM independently of T lymphocytes. The ABC phenomenon results from C3 opsonization brought on by anti-PEG IgM binding, which is then cleared by the liver's Kupffer cells.
To summarize, the clinical translation of nanomedicines such as PEGylated liposomes is hampered by IgM-mediated pseudoallergy. Engineering techniques to lower this risk of hypersensitivity have been guided by the elucidation of the molecular pathways involving complement activation and anti-PEG IgM. Safe, recurrent administration of medications using nanoparticles may be made possible by further developments to decrease IgM reactions or specifically eliminate anti-PEG IgM. Further comprehension of the pathways leading to pseudoallergy may potentially clarify other inexplicable infusion reactions to pegylated biopharmaceuticals.
Be the first person to like this.
Difference Among TH1, TH2 and TH17
Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg subsets of CD4 T-cells can be distinguished based on how they produce cytokines. Cellular immune responses involve protective Th1-related cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ. Th2-related cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) have anti-inflammatory and humoral immune characteristics. These, however, appear later in the course of periodontitis and contribute to the long-term development of the illness. Th17 cells were found to draw in neutrophils and macrophages to contribute to and intensify the inflammatory response.
Be the first person to like this.
It is easier to treat renal cancer when it is discovered early, when the tumor is tiny and limited to the kidney. Renal cancer looks to be becoming more common in recent years. One explanation could be the increased use of imaging methods like CT scanning, which could result in unanticipated findings of more kidney cancer cases.
Rarely do early-stage renal cancers show symptoms or signs. As of right now, there are no screening tests for kidney cancer that don't show any symptoms. Later-stage kidney cancer symptoms and indicators could include:
Below are antibodies and biomarkers in renal cancer diagnostic development:
Abdominal mass
Hematuria
appetite decline
Unexpected weight reduction
fatigue
High temps and profuse perspiration
back discomfort that is chronic
Periodic fever
Be the first person to like this.